01 · Soil Model & Targets
- Wenner four-pin method models dry- and wet-season multilayer soil resistivity
- Provisional dry-season grounding resistance target ≤10 Ω; final value subject to EIT and MEA / PEA approval requirements
Power Systems
Campus Power Architecture: HV → MV → POD
Distribute HV power to independent 10 / 20 MW supply units, engineered as isolatable, testable and independently maintainable Power Islands.
01
Architecture
How power reaches the compute: from the utility connection down to an independently energizable Power Island.
Campus Power Architecture
From Utility to Power Island
Dual utility connection, with the connection arrangement subject to utility approval. Each layer keeps capacity and protection visible.
1
HV Receiving Station
Ownership boundary, revenue metering, protection and bus sectionalization.
2
HV / MV Main Transformers
Stepped down to the approved MV voltage class.
3
Multiple MV Distribution Zones
Sectionalized buses and distributed capacity limit short-circuit and fault impact.
4
Independent MV Feeders
Dedicated VCB, MV feeder and selective protection for each Power Island.
5
10 MW / 20 MW Power Island
Independent energization and testing; maintenance and phased expansion.
Module & Site Capacity
10 / 20 MW Power Islands vs. 200 MW Site Capacity
Different layouts, common power logic.
10 MW Power Island
2.588
2.588
2.588
2.588
MW × 4 blocks
| IT connected | 10.352 MW |
| Facility basis @ PUE 1.2 | 2.070 MW |
| Total connected | 12.422 MW |
| 12 × 10 MW Power Island | 149.069 MW |
20 MW Power Island
2.588
2.588
2.588
2.588
2.588
2.588
2.588
2.588
MW × 8 blocks
| IT connected | 20.704 MW |
| Facility basis @ PUE 1.2 | 4.141 MW |
| Total connected | 24.845 MW |
| 8 × 20 MW Power Island | 198.758 MW |
Capacity conclusion: 12 × 10 MW or 8 × 20 MW is the nominal deployment; the final IT limit is frozen against the approved 200 MW capacity, measured facility curve and EPMS capacity controls.
Power Island
End-to-End Chain: Isolatable, Testable, Independently Maintainable
MV power is transferred and stepped down, then delivered through UPS and LV busway to the IT POD; generators, batteries and cooling provide support at critical nodes.
MV Input
Campus MV feed.
MV Switchgear / Transfer
Controlled transfer and fault isolation.
MV/LV Transformer
MV-to-LV transformation.
LV Switchboard + UPS / Bypass
LV distribution, UPS and maintenance bypass.
LV Busway
Modular power delivery.
IT POD
IT load and liquid-cooling interface.
N+1 Genset Backup
Containerized generators at the MV node.
Battery System
10-minute autonomy behind each UPS block.
Cooling System
Liquid-cooling support at the IT POD interface.
Functional separation limits faults to the corresponding Power Island and supports independent testing, maintenance and phased 10 / 20 MW expansion.
Tier III Operating Logic
Planned Maintenance Without Interrupting IT
Redundant capacity components and maintainable power / cooling paths allow any component or path to be removed for planned maintenance without affecting IT operation.
A / B Zoned Operation
Each POD is supplied from its assigned MV zone; the backup transformer is on standby while UPS and cooling share the load.
Supply Maintained on Available Path
Isolate the MV path under maintenance; after protection and interlock checks, the available path maintains supply.
Backup TR Connected via ATS
Mechanical and electrical interlocks confirm the original path is open before the shared backup transformer is connected.
2+1 Capacity Supports Design IT Load
With one 1.35 MW UPS out, the remaining two units provide 2.7 MW for the 2.588 MW IT block.
N+1 Equipment + Controlled Sequencing
CDUs, pumps, chillers and cooling towers retain alternate equipment, with startup sequencing coordinated by the BMS.
Design criterion: any capacity component or power / cooling distribution path can be removed for planned maintenance without interrupting critical IT operation.
02
Capacity & Electrical Safety
Whether the equipment is sized correctly, and what protects people and hardware when something goes wrong.
Electrical Load & Margin
Capacity Stays Within Ratings
3 MVA transformers, 5,000 A busway, 1.35 MW UPS (2+1) and 3,000 kW generators are checked across the 75–80% normal IT operating range. Design case at 100% IT.
IT Transformer 3 MVA
89.9%3 MVA usable capacity: 2.88 MW at PF 0.96
LV Busway 415 V / 5,000 A
75%Approx. 3.45 MW at 415 V / 5,000 A and PF 0.96
UPS System (2+1) 1.35 MW × 3
95.9%2 operating + 1 standby; 2.70 MW carries 2.588 MW IT
Generator Fleet (N+1) 3 MVA × (5+1)
86.3%N+1 fleet sized to carry the design load
Facility TR 3 MVA
71.9%Facility load 2.070 MW at PUE 1.20
Engineering conclusion: normal operation retains approx. 20–40% equipment margin; fault / N+1 events still cover connected load without relying on daily full-load operation.
Grounding & Equipotential
Grounding Across Seasonal Soil Conditions
Thailand grounding must manage impedance and personnel safety across seasonal soil conditions. Ground resistance is only one outcome; design must address soil modeling, low-impedance paths, equipotential bonding, GPR, and touch / step voltage.
02 · Conductors, Joints & Equipotential Bonding
- 50 × 5 mm tinned copper tape or ≥95 mm² bare copper; exothermic weld / IEEE 837 connections
- The MEB bonds the HV station, transformers, busway, trays, racks, CDUs and metallic piping
- Verify GPR, fault-loop impedance, and touch / step voltage
Grounding is determined by the multilayer soil model, fault current and protection clearing time; acceptance verifies earth impedance, GPR, and touch / step voltage together.
Power Quality & TN-S
Harmonics, TN-S and Grounding: Coordinated, Not Interchangeable
Source mitigation controls harmonic heating; TN-S defines the fault-return path; grounding and bonding protect people and equipment.
Harmonic Control · Source Mitigation
- UPS input THDi ≤3% at rated load
- Active / passive filtering where required
- Verify temperature-rise derating for TR, busway and cables
- Where triplen harmonics are significant, assess an oversized neutral by harmonic calculation
TN-S / Bonding · Low-Impedance Fault Path
- TN-S from the 415 V transformer secondary
- One N–PE bonding point per independent source, coordinated with utility / generator transfer
- N and PE separated throughout downstream distribution
- Neutral ≥100%; 150–200% where justified by harmonics. Size PE by fault current and clearing time
Class A Monitoring · Measurement & Verification
- PM8000 / EPMS measures THDv, THDi and waveforms
- NTP / PTP time synchronization and SOE
- Monitor line current, power quality and critical joint temperature
- Alarms, trend baselines and predictive maintenance
Key point: grounding does not eliminate harmonics, and harmonic filtering does not replace TN-S or equipotential bonding. All three measures require distinct, coordinated verification.
Lightning & Surge Protection
LPS I + Coordinated SPDs, Roof to Sensitive Loads
IEC 62305 risk assessment integrates air termination, down conductors, grounding, bonding and surge coordination into a continuous protection chain for Thailand lightning risk.
Roof Air Termination
6–9 m air terminals finalized by rolling-sphere, wind-load and equipment-height studies; cooling towers, chillers and rooftop communications inside the 3D protection zone.
External Down Conductors
Copper conductor ≥Ø8 mm; minimum two evenly distributed down conductors, typically ≤10 m spacing for LPS I, with test joints.
Type B Ring Earth
Building Type B ring / foundation earth integrated with the site ground grid; conductor sizing and earth impedance confirmed by the grounding study.
Coordinated SPD
MOA at MV; T1+T2 at the LV main switchboard. Iimp and Up confirmed against LPS I lightning-current distribution and equipment withstand voltage; T2 at distribution boards and T3 at endpoints.
Traceable Operations
SPD status, lightning counts and event timelines feed into EPMS, turning passive protection into traceable operations.
Foundation & Electrical Safety
From 21 MPa Bases to a Verifiable Electrical Environment
Stable operation of heavy electrical equipment requires coordinated foundations, drainage, fire protection, grounding and Thai compliance.
≥21MPaEquipment foundation concrete3,000 psi; sampling and strength verification
≤10ΩHigh-performance grounding targetWhere feasible in the dry season; verify GPR separately
Form 4bLV switchboard separationLimits fault propagation and maintenance risk
IP55Busway ingress protectionFinal rating subject to indoor / outdoor environment
01 · Foundations, Fire Protection & Routing
- Base thickness, reinforcement, anchors, vibration isolation and overturning moment calculated from static / dynamic equipment loads
- Base elevation, drainage and leak detection coordinated with site flood risk
- Fire separation, certified penetrations, tray segregation and maintenance clearances verified together
02 · Thai & International Standards Basis
| Thailand | EIT, MEA / PEA, building and fire authorities |
| HV / MV | IEC 61936, IEC 62271 + utility connection requirements |
| LV / Busway | IEC 60364, IEC 61439-1/2/6 |
| Safety | IEC 62305, IEEE 80, ISO 8528 |
From foundation to electrical safety: structural calculations, system studies, type tests and site acceptance create traceable evidence.
Built, not assembled
Everything below arrives as a tested assembly
Generators, switchgear, UPS and busway are integrated and proven in the factory, then connected on site through standardized interfaces. The equipment on the following pages is not a shopping list. It is one power island, delivered as a unit.
03
Equipment
The physical assets inside a Power Island, and the standardized interfaces that make them repeatable.
Genset Container
Caterpillar C175-20: 3,000 kW-Class Containerized MV Generator
The container integrates the generator, cooling, exhaust, day tank, synchronizing control and fire protection; unit count scales with 10 / 20 MW capacity while maintaining N+1. Factory-integrated, rapid site connection, modular N+1.
0ekWSelected Rating · 3,900 kVAMission Critical, PF 0.8; ≥3,000 ekW net after Thailand site derating
11kVElectrical50 Hz · 1,500 rpm · 3Ø
6unitsPer Power Island · N+15 operating + 1 standby · FAT / SAT / IST
Engine / Control & Transient
- C175-20 V20 · 105.8 L · Turbo Aftercooled · Common Rail
- ADEM A4 + EMCP 4.4
- ISO 8528-5 · 100% Block Load · PMG · Load Sharing
- Cooling / exhaust, day tank, synchronizing, fire / monitoring, Cat global service
Island Sizing
10 MW Power Island design load: 12.422 MW. Six generators are configured N+1; five units provide 15 MW net available capacity, for an operating load of approx. 82.8%.
Fuel autonomy to be confirmed against fire code, environmental requirements, owner criteria and site fuel-storage conditions. Product data basis: Caterpillar official C175-20 50 Hz materials; final rating subject to OEM certified submittal.
One modular platform supports four core functions: IT hall, Power, Cooling and Support. Functions vary while transport envelopes, connection datums and service principles remain consistent. See the full container family on the Construction page.
MV Equipment
Schneider MV & Transformer Equipment: Modular Interfaces, Interlocks, High Efficiency
The POD MV section uses all-busduct distribution; VCBs, ATS, protection and transformers are from global Tier-1 manufacturers, with final ratings frozen by system studies.
GMA / PIX MV Switchgear
- 24 kV / 17.5 kV class
- 2,500 A / 4,000 A candidates
- VCB + ATS / bus-tie interlocks
Trihal 3 MVA Transformer
- Dry-type transformer
- Common IT / Facility capacity interface
- Guaranteed efficiency ≥99.18%
PowerLogic P5 Protection
- Selective protection and SOE
- Transfer only after fault isolation
- IEC 61850 integration
MV selection basis: ratings are frozen after current, insulation, short-circuit withstand, bus temperature rise, protection selectivity and arc-flash studies are complete. Final models subject to OEM submittal.
LV Distribution & Busway
A Standard 5,000 A LV Interface for Repeatable POD Deployment
BlokSeT, MasterPact MTZ and Canalis KT integrate into the Power Module and IT Container to create a segregated, withdrawable and monitored platform.
BlokSeT
- IEC 61439-1 / 2
- Form 4b
- Withdrawable functional units
MasterPact MTZ
- ACB protection + interlocks
- Status / energy / service life
- Communications and event records
Canalis KT 5,000 A
- 415 V copper conductors
- IP55 · IEC 61439-6
- Neutral ≥100%
Rated
5,000 A @ 415 VCapacity
≈3.59 MVAConnected
≈75%Normal
≈56–60%Verify
Icw / Temp / ΔVSmart
Joint temp monitoringPremium busway selection goes beyond copper purity: type tests, short-circuit withstand, temperature rise, voltage drop, joint reliability, IP rating and online thermal monitoring define the engineering.
Containerized UPS & Battery
Modular UPS N+1 and 10-Minute Autonomy
UPS and batteries are separated by compartment / enclosure to reduce thermal events and common-cause failure; factory-prefabricated and tested modules connect to the POD through standardized interfaces.
Power Module Container
LV SWBD
UPS A
UPS B
UPS C
BYPASS / EMS
Battery Container
STRING A
STRING B
STRING C
BMS / HVAC / FIRE
0MWIT block design load3 × 1.35 MW UPS (2+1)
0%Per-unit loading, three sharing862.7 kW / unit; 47.9–51.1% at 75–80% daily IT
0%Per-unit loading, N+1 event1.294 MW / unit; two units carry the load
0minBattery autonomy targetUsable 215.7 kWh; preliminary 240–270 kWh / UPS
Final battery capacity is verified against OEM constant-power curves, inverter efficiency, DC voltage window, temperature, EOL aging and BMS reserve.
04
Operations
One asset model across power, cooling and IT, so alarms become traceable events instead of noise.
Smart O&M
One Power Island Asset Model for Power, Cooling and IT PODs
EPMS + BMS + DCIM use one Power Island asset model to link equipment, alarms, capacity, efficiency and work orders, supporting continuous 10 / 20 MW Power Island expansion.
24/7Critical System MonitoringContinuous monitoring of power, cooling and environment
10/20MWPower Island Capacity ModelVisibility of loading, margin and phased growth
One ViewUnified Operations ViewLinked alarms, events, assets and work orders
Facility Monitoring
Power quality, transfer, SOE and environment.
Asset Management
Serial numbers, warranties, work orders and equipment health.
Capacity Management
Loading, margin, phases and bottlenecks.
Energy Performance
PUE, energy trends and improvement verification.
A common timeline and Power Island asset model turn alarms into traceable events, and capacity / efficiency into manageable decisions.